Day 3 Basic Linux Commands

Linux File Hierarchy Structure

1. / (Root Directory):

   • The top-level directory, representing the root of the file system hierarchy.

2. /bin (Binary Binaries):

   • Essential command binaries that are required for system boot and recovery. These binaries are available to all users.

3. /boot (Bootable Kernel Images):

   • Contains files needed for the system boot process, including the kernel, initial ramdisk, and bootloader configurations.

4. /dev (Device Files):

   • Contains device files that represent and allow communication with hardware devices.

5. /etc (System Configuration Files):

   • Configuration files for system-wide settings and application-specific configurations.

6. /home (User Home Directories):

   • Home directories for regular users.

7. /lib (Libraries):

   • Essential shared libraries needed for system boot and operation.

8. /media (Removable Media Mount Points):

   • Mount points for removable media such as USB drives and optical disks.

9. /mnt (Temporary Mount Points):

   • Mount points for temporary filesystems.

10. /opt (Optional Software Packages):

    • Reserved for the installation of additional software packages that are not part of the default system installation.

11. /proc (Process Information):

    • A virtual filesystem that provides information about running processes and system configuration.

12. /root (Root Home Directory):

    • The home directory for the root user.

13. /run (Runtime Data):

    • Runtime variable data such as system and process IDs, sockets, and other temporary data.

14. /sbin (System Binaries):

    • Essential system binaries that are typically used by the root user.

15. /srv (Service Data):

    • Data for services provided by the system, such as websites or FTP.

16. /sys (Sysfs Virtual Filesystem):

    • A virtual filesystem that exposes information about devices and kernel parameters.

17. /tmp (Temporary Files):

    • A directory for temporary files that are typically cleared on system reboot.

18. /usr (User Binaries and Libraries):

    • Secondary hierarchy for user programs, libraries, documentation, and binaries.

19. /var (Variable Data):

    • Variable files such as logs, spool files, and temporary files that may change dynamically during the operation of the system.

Basic Linux Commands

1. pwd : Display the current working directory.

   

2. mkdir : Create a new directory.

   

3. ls: List files and directories.

   

4. cd : Change the current working directory.

   

5. rmdir : Remove an empty directory.

   

6. touch: Create an empty file or update access/modification times.

   

7. rm: Remove files or directories

   

8. echo: Print a message to the terminal.

   

9. cp: Copy files or directories.

   

10. mv: Move or rename files or directories.

    

11. cat: Display the content of a file.

    

12. man: Display the manual or help for a command.

    

    

These are basic commands that are fundamental for interacting with the file system and managing essential tasks on a Linux system.